Green Ammonia can be used cost-efficiently for use in fuel cell technologies that have historically been hindered by storage and infrastructure problems. Green Ammonia allows for increases in power and energy densities to operate fuel cells, and a lower cost per watt generated. The energy density of ammonia alone over any chemical battery is dramatic, in the order of nine times that of lithium-ion batteries, and over three times that of compressed hydrogen.
Current technologies commercialized as alternatives to fossil fuel transportation, electric battery-powered vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles must carry larger energy storage than what would be required if ammonia were used. The trade-off is heavy and larger lithium-ion batteries, versus massively larger storage tanks for hydrogen, versus significantly small tanks for ammonia.
The creation of lithium-ion batteries causes emissions along the entire supply chain, and the batteries have limited use-life and are not particularly recyclable.
Hydrogen fuel cells have a number of problems:
- The process used to make pure hydrogen is energy intensive.
- Storing hydrogen is difficult.
- As a liquid it boils off at standard temperatures (e.g., a tank filled on Friday would be empty by Monday without being driven, just because of room-temperature boil-off).
- As a gas, it requires extreme pressure to store.
- Transporting hydrogen is difficult.
- As the smallest element on the periodic table, hydrogen leaks into the crystalline structure of metals, making the metals brittle and susceptible to cracking and failure.
In contrast, because Green Ammonia contains hydrogen, it provides the benefits of pure hydrogen, but does not have the problems associated with pure hydrogen.
- It is not energy intensive to produce Green Ammonia using FuelPositive’s production system.
- Green Ammonia stores safely in tanks at normal temperatures with no boil-off problems and doesn’t require extreme compression.
- Green Ammonia does not have the metal embrittlement problems of pure hydrogen.